Table 1 Characteristics of the landscape attributes in the Reinhardswald and the Kellerwald-Edersee National Park, given for the whole study areas and the charcoal kiln sites, respectively
Reinhardswald | Kellerwald-Edersee National Park | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total area | Kiln sites | Total area | Kiln sites | ||
Water supply status | n = 2576 | n = 1297 | |||
Dry | 0.1 | 0 | 1.8 | 0 | % |
Moderately dry | 0.6 | 0.4 | 24.6 | 11.5 | % |
Moderately fresh | 9.9 | 8.9 | 47.4 | 42.3 | % |
Fresh | 48.7 | 56.8 | 18.4 | 29.8 | % |
Markedly fresh | 14.2 | 25.7 | 5.7 | 12.9 | % |
Periodically moist | 22.7 | 6.4 | 0.1 | 0.2 | % |
Moist | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 3.2 | % |
Moderately wet | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | % |
Wet | 2.4 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | % |
p < 0.001*** | p < 0.001*** | ||||
Nutrient supply status | n = 2602 | n = 1297 | |||
Oligotrophic | 1.7 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0 | % |
Slightly mesotrophic | 3.6 | 1.2 | 0.1 | 0 | % |
Mesotrophic | 93.1 | 96.3 | 93.1 | 93.1 | % |
Distinctly mesotrophic | 0.7 | 0.8 | 4.5 | 3.6 | % |
Slightly eutrophic | 0.1 | 0 | 0.3 | 0.2 | % |
Eutrophic | 0.8 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 3.1 | % |
p < 0.001*** | p < 0.01** | ||||
Soil complex classes | n = 2626 | n = 1308 | |||
Colluvial soils | 3.1 | 6.1 | 0 | 0 | % |
Acidic brown soils | 34.1 | 51.6 | 87.6 | 79.4 | % |
Pseudogleys | 54.7 | 38.1 | 7.4 | 12.8 | % |
Stagnogleys and fen soils | 4.7 | 1.2 | 0 | 0 | % |
Gleys | 3.3 | 2.9 | 5.0 | 7.9 | % |
p < 0.001*** | p < 0.001*** | ||||
Altitude | n = 2626 | n = 1308 | |||
< 200 m | 9.6 | 14.8 | 0 | 0 | % |
< 300 m | 42.4 | 47.1 | 5.9 | 3.7 | % |
< 400 m | 41.0 | 35.8 | 32.1 | 27.2 | % |
< 500 m | 7.0 | 2.2 | 47.0 | 49.3 | % |
> 500 m | 0 | 0 | 15.1 | 19.8 | % |
p < 0.001*** | p < 0.01** | ||||
Exposition | n = 2626 | n = 1308 | |||
E | 12.3 | 17.1 | 13.5 | 15.6 | % |
NE | 13.6 | 20.1 | 13.4 | 17.5 | % |
N | 12.4 | 12.0 | 13.4 | 17.1 | % |
NW | 11.6 | 7.1 | 15.3 | 15.5 | % |
W | 15.1 | 8.4 | 11.6 | 9.1 | % |
SW | 15.1 | 12.5 | 8.6 | 5.5 | % |
S | 10.0 | 10.1 | 10.5 | 7.8 | % |
SE | 9.8 | 12.7 | 13.3 | 11.9 | % |
p < 0.001*** | p < 0.001*** | ||||
Inclination | n = 2626 | n = 1308 | |||
< 5° | 40.5 | 14.7 | 11.1 | 9.2 | % |
< 10° | 33.2 | 34.7 | 20.2 | 22.6 | % |
< 20° | 19.3 | 40.4 | 37.5 | 48.5 | % |
< 30° | 5.4 | 8.6 | 24.6 | 17.2 | % |
< 40° | 1.5 | 1.4 | 6.0 | 2.4 | % |
< 50° | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.2 | % |
≥ 50° | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | % |
p < 0.001*** | p < 0.001*** | ||||
Tree species composition | n = 2607 | n = 1186 | |||
Fagus sylvatica | 39.7 | 73.2 | 66.1 | 79.1 | % |
Picea abies | 34.4 | 11.2 | 13.2 | 14.0 | % |
Quercus spp. | 17.0 | 9.7 | 6.8 | 3.7 | % |
Larix decidua | 4.2 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 1.3 | % |
Pinus sylvestris | 0.9 | 0.9 | 4.2 | 0.3 | % |
Pseudotsuga menziesii | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 0.2 | % |
other tree species and open land | 2.9 | 1.8 | 6.4 | 1.5 | % |
p < 0.001*** | p < 0.001*** | ||||