Table 1 Characteristics of restoration commitments made to the Bonn Challengea
Country/Region | Restoration area commitment (ha) | Forest types | Desired ecosystem service benefits | Desired social/ financial benefits | Restoration activities | Gross Domestic Product (GDP)/capita (2014) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brazil's Atlantic Forest Restoration Pact | 1,000,000 | Mangrove; Tropical/subtropical moist broadleaf forest | Carbon, biodiversity, timber, water, pollination, pest control | Improve human well-being and economic conditions | Total planting, enrichment, natural regeneration, agroforestry | $11,612 |
Colombia | 1,000,000 | Tropical/subtropical moist broadleaf forest | Watershed functions, erosion control, biodiversity, control invasive species | Poverty alleviation | Natural and assisted reforestation, avoided deforestation, agroforestry | $7720 |
Democratic Republic of the Congo | 8,000,000 | Tropical/subtropical moist broadleaf forest; Tropical/subtropical coniferous forest; Savannah and dry grasslands | Carbon, biodiversity, food, fuelwood | Improve human well-being and economic conditions | Natural regeneration, avoided deforestation, agroforestry | $475 |
Guatemala | 1,200,000 | Tropical/subtropical moist broadleaf forest; Tropical/subtropical coniferous forest | Carbon, tourism, biodiversity, | Poverty reduction, alternative livelihoods, | Agroforestry, others | $3703 |
Initiative 20 × 20 (Peru, Mexico, Ecuador, Chile) | 20,000,000 | Mangrove; Tropical/subtropical moist broadleaf forest; Tropical/subtropical coniferous forest | Carbon, biodiversity, water, food | Improve human well-being and economic conditions | Natural and assisted reforestation, avoided deforestation, agroforestry | $6291 - $14,520 |
Pakistan - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province | 380,000 | Temperate coniferous forest; Boreal/taiga forest | Carbon, water, fuelwood | Improve human well-being and economic conditions, especially for youth | Enrichment planting, afforestation, protective forests, | $1333 |
Uganda | 2,500,000 | Tropical/subtropical moist broadleaf forest; Savannah and dry grasslands | Carbon, food, fuel, fiber, water, biodiversity, erosion control | Poverty reduction, livelihoods, economic development | Agroforestry, protective forests, natural regeneration, silviculture | $677 |
United States | 15,000,000 | Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests; Temperate coniferous forest | Carbon, water, biodiversity, disaster risk reduction | Rural development, fire risk reduction | Fuel reduction, watershed restoration | $54,630 |