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Forest Ecosystems

Table 1 Characteristics of restoration commitments made to the Bonn Challengea

From: A decision framework for identifying models to estimate forest ecosystem services gains from restoration

Country/Region Restoration area commitment (ha) Forest types Desired ecosystem service benefits Desired social/ financial benefits Restoration activities Gross Domestic Product (GDP)/capita (2014)
Brazil's Atlantic Forest Restoration Pact 1,000,000 Mangrove; Tropical/subtropical moist broadleaf forest Carbon, biodiversity, timber, water, pollination, pest control Improve human well-being and economic conditions Total planting, enrichment, natural regeneration, agroforestry $11,612
Colombia 1,000,000 Tropical/subtropical moist broadleaf forest Watershed functions, erosion control, biodiversity, control invasive species Poverty alleviation Natural and assisted reforestation, avoided deforestation, agroforestry $7720
Democratic Republic of the Congo 8,000,000 Tropical/subtropical moist broadleaf forest; Tropical/subtropical coniferous forest; Savannah and dry grasslands Carbon, biodiversity, food, fuelwood Improve human well-being and economic conditions Natural regeneration, avoided deforestation, agroforestry $475
Guatemala 1,200,000 Tropical/subtropical moist broadleaf forest; Tropical/subtropical coniferous forest Carbon, tourism, biodiversity, Poverty reduction, alternative livelihoods, Agroforestry, others $3703
Initiative 20 × 20 (Peru, Mexico, Ecuador, Chile) 20,000,000 Mangrove; Tropical/subtropical moist broadleaf forest; Tropical/subtropical coniferous forest Carbon, biodiversity, water, food Improve human well-being and economic conditions Natural and assisted reforestation, avoided deforestation, agroforestry $6291 - $14,520
Pakistan - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province 380,000 Temperate coniferous forest; Boreal/taiga forest Carbon, water, fuelwood Improve human well-being and economic conditions, especially for youth Enrichment planting, afforestation, protective forests, $1333
Uganda 2,500,000 Tropical/subtropical moist broadleaf forest; Savannah and dry grasslands Carbon, food, fuel, fiber, water, biodiversity, erosion control Poverty reduction, livelihoods, economic development Agroforestry, protective forests, natural regeneration, silviculture $677
United States 15,000,000 Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests; Temperate coniferous forest Carbon, water, biodiversity, disaster risk reduction Rural development, fire risk reduction Fuel reduction, watershed restoration $54,630
  1. aSources: World Bank (2015) for GDP data; IUCN (2015c) for all other data
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