Fig. 6From: Incorporating shape constraints in generalized additive modelling of the height-diameter relationship for Norway spruceAn illustration of the non-linear effect of the spatial smooth f 6a (east,north) of model h5, all other covariates were set to their mean values. The coordinates are GauĂź-KrĂĽger coordinates referring to the 3rd Meridian. The black dots mark the locations of inventory plots and give an impression of the state owned forest area. Light grey indicates high values of log(E(H ki )), silver medium, and dark grey small valuesBack to article page