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Forest Ecosystems
Fig. 1 | Forest Ecosystems

Fig. 1

From: Incorporating shape constraints in generalized additive modelling of the height-diameter relationship for Norway spruce

Fig. 1

The estimated smooth terms of the unconstrained model without varying coefficients, h1. a the smooth function of age, (b) the smooth function of relative diameter at breast height, (c) the smooth function of topex index, (d) the smooth function of temperature sum during the vegetation period and (e) the smooth function of aridity index. The labels of the vertical axes for the univariate smooths denote the smooth model components with the corresponding covariate and estimated degrees of freedom (edf) given in brackets

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