Large-scale forest inventories of the United States and China reveal positive effects of biodiversity on productivity

Watson, James V; Liang, Jingjing; Tobin, Patrick C; Lei, Xiangdong; Rentch, James S; Artis, Catherine E

doi:10.1186/s40663-015-0045-4

Forest Ecosystems

Table 2 Summary statistics by forest type. Std: Standard Deviation, n: total number of plots

From: Large-scale forest inventories of the United States and China reveal positive effects of biodiversity on productivity

	Productivity (m³ · ha⁻¹ · yr⁻¹)	Number of Species	Basal area (m² · ha⁻¹)	Elevation (km)	Slope (degrees)	Latitude (degrees)	Longitude (degrees)
National (all forest types combined)
Mean	4.84	6.00	19.13	0.61	6.29	38.20	−88.67
Std.	2.76	3.42	11.96	0.73	8.09	5.71	11.02
Max.	15.03	24.00	279.19	3.92	60.24	61.46	−67.00
Min.	−0.50	1.00	0	−0.08	0	24.63	−153.86
n	475,892	475,892	475,892	475,892	475,892	475,892	475,892
Pinyon/juniper
Mean	0	2.21	17.68	1.84	11.33	37.06	−110.00
Std.	1.27	1.41	13.27	0.51	9.72	2.84	5.56
Max.	12.41	19.00	130.34	3.35	57.17	48.14	−71.90
Min.	−0.50	1.00	0	−0.07	0.00	29.27	−122.78
n	16,709	16,709	16,709	16,709	16,709	16,709	16,709
Douglas-fir (Coastal)
Mean	8.43	4.24	23.53	0.18	5.63	45.23	−122.53
Std.	3.48	2.08	27.03	0.22	10.03	1.88	1.01
Max.	14.97	13.00	188.99	1.52	44.71	48.99	−120.00
Min.	−0.48	1.00	0	0	0	42.00	−124.68
n	5,866	5,866	5,866	5,866	5,866	5,866	5,866
Douglas-fir (Interior)
Mean	4.41	3.70	10.10	0.16	3.54	47.50	−118.26
Std.	2.35	2.00	9.05	0.23	7.74	1.57	0.83
Max.	12.39	12.00	58.71	1.77	43.38	48.99	−116.56
Min.	−0.48	1.00	0	0.01	0	43.92	−119.99
n	1,211	1,211	1,211	1,211	1,211	1,211	1,211
Oak/pine
Mean	5.61	6.65	17.60	0.52	4.50	33.49	−85.83
Std.	2.59	3.54	10.71	0.67	6.27	2.79	6.05
Max.	15.01	22.00	80.46	3.65	60.24	47.97	−68.82
Min.	−0.48	1.00	0	−0.04	0	26.26	−103.00
n	19,023	19,023	19,023	19,023	19,023	19,023	19,023
Oak/gum/cypress
Mean	5.91	6.23	20.59	0.53	1.53	32.29	−84.95
Std.	2.56	3.39	13.72	0.70	3.38	2.23	5.47
Max.	15.03	22.00	136.46	3.80	57.17	42.60	−71.40
Min.	−0.47	1.00	0	0	0	24.63	−101.37
n	28,431	28,431	28,431	28,431	28,431	28,431	28,431
	Productivity (m³ · ha⁻¹ · yr⁻¹)	Number of Species	Basal area (m² · ha⁻¹)	Elevation (km)	Slope (degrees)	Latitude (degrees)	Longitude (degrees)
Elm/ash/cottonwood
Mean	4.75	5.52	16.87	0.45	3.60	38.30	−91.30
Std.	3.15	3.27	11.04	0.57	6.17	5.37	6.55
Max.	15.03	22.00	130.62	3.61	43.53	61.44	−67.17
Min.	−0.47	1.00	0	0	0	26.13	−153.46
n	11,742	11,742	11,742	11,742	11,742	11,742	11,742
Aspen/birch
Mean	4.77	18.42	0.60	4.19	45.76	−90.76	−90.76
Std.	2.32	10.53	0.72	5.34	2.30	6.43	6.43
Max.	14.97	16.00	95.88	3.68	56.49	61.42	−67.23
Min.	−0.49	1.00	0	0	0	33.62	−151.73
n	46,411	46,411	46,411	46,411	46,411	46,411	46,411
Southern pine
Mean	5.97	5.87	17.61	0.53	2.89	32.65	−85.06
Std.	2.46	3.45	11.47	0.68	4.49	2.07	5.46
Max.	15.02	23.00	140.89	3.86	57.17	44.00	−70.00
Min.	−0.47	1.00	0	−0.08	0	25.76	−101.23
n	102,844	102,844	102,844	102,844	102,844	102,844	102,844
Oak/hickory
Mean	4.97	7.77	18.86	0.45	9.38	37.15	−85.40
Std.	2.47	3.45	9.82	0.58	9.07	3.18	5.80
Max.	15.02	24.00	87.62	3.92	57.17	48.99	−68.75
Min.	−0.48	1.00	0	−0.03	0	25.61	−104.38
n	141,062	141,062	141,062	141,062	141,062	141,062	141,062
Maple/beech/birch
Mean	4.03	6.22	21.85	0.44	5.88	44.16	−82.11
Std.	2.15	2.57	10.89	0.47	6.68	2.28	8.45
Max.	14.97	20.00	80.58	3.71	57.00	49.00	−67.11
Min.	−0.47	1.00	0	0	0	34.81	−102.82
n	47,350	47,350	47,350	47,350	47,350	47,350	47,350
Tropical and exotic hardwoods
Mean	3.82	3.14	14.72	0.54	0.95	28.44	−86.44
Std.	2.79	2.52	13.72	0.64	3.10	1.74	7.14
Max.	12.45	13.00	60.24	3.56	34.33	35.32	−80.11
Min.	−0.46	1.00	0	0	0	25.79	−120.48
n	408	408	408	408	408	408	408
	Productivity (m³ · ha⁻¹ · yr⁻¹)	Number of Species	Basal area (m² · ha⁻¹)	Elevation (km)	Slope (degrees)	Latitude (degrees)	Longitude (degrees)
Spruce/fir and exotic softwoods
Mean	3.59	4.79	20.33	0.48	2.73	46.54	−85.49
Std.	2.06	2.34	11.99	0.56	4.09	1.49	10.11
Max.	14.96	15.00	80.86	3.68	56.49	61.46	−67.00
Min.	−0.46	1.00	0	0	0	38.28	−151.73
n	18,761	18,761	18,761	18,761	18,761	18,761	18,761
Northern pines
Mean	4.38	4.69	19.75	0.44	3.87	44.82	−85.23
Std.	2.30	2.49	11.46	0.53	5.34	2.06	6.75
Max.	14.97	15.00	82.54	3.57	41.99	49.31	−67.58
Min.	−0.45	1.00	0	0	0	26.33	−96.12
n	9,151	9,151	9,151	9,151	9,151	9,151	9,151
Western conifers
Mean	3.80	2.75	24.55	1.86	15.54	43.00	−113.93
Std.	2.93	1.43	17.66	0.78	10.57	4.58	6.88
Max.	15.00	10.00	279.19	3.70	57.17	61.11	−95.06
Min.	−0.50	1.00	0	0	0.00	31.80	−153.86
n	21,792	21,792	21,792	21,792	21,792	21,792	21,792
Western hardwoods
Mean	2.61	2.08	15.70	0.94	10.56	36.87	−112.68
Std.	4.65	1.46	19.66	0.76	12.26	5.57	8.39
Max.	14.99	8.00	184.50	3.17	47.73	49.00	−99.21
Min.	−0.48	1.00	0	−0.03	0	29.05	−124.60
n	1,924	1,924	1,924	1,924	1,924	1,924	1,924
Western oak
Mean	1.23	2.35	14.38	1.34	16.87	36.79	−113.99
Std.	3.13	1.37	13.21	0.80	11.71	3.29	7.14
Max.	14.97	10.00	138.16	3.12	57.17	47.47	−98.46
Min.	−0.49	1.00	0	0	0	29.57	−124.20
n	3,207	3,207	3,207	3,207	3,207	3,207	3,207
Chinese northeastern temperate forest
Mean	3.06	6.86	23.07	0.76	10.67	43.38	130.45
Std.	1.39	2.53	9.90	0.23	7.70	0.12	0.25
Max.	15.30	13.00	75.28	7.70	36.00	43.65	131.05
Min.	0.08	1.00	0	0	0	43.11	129.97
n	1,385	1,385	1,385	1,385	1,385	1,385	1,385

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