Fig. 6From: Analysing the effect of stand density and site conditions on structure and growth of oak species using Nelder trials along an environmental gradient: experimental design, evaluation methods, and resultsTwo-dimensional smoother for the spatial effect as included in our GAMs, exemplarily taken from the fitted model after eq. 4 for tree height. The darker the color, the greater is the smoother’s value. E and N are easting and northing values in m. The original nine-digit values were transformed for a more convenient presentation. Thus, the plots do not show absolute geographic positions, but the relative positions of the two Nelder-wheels in each trialBack to article page