Table 4 Characteristics of selected control variables defining the three silvicultural management strategies reference, biodiversity and climate protection and the according nature conservation rule sets
Control variable | Reference | Biodiversity | Climate protection | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Nature conservation | Unmanaged area | Status quo | 5% of forest area | Status quo |
Area under flora-fauna-habitat (FFH) directive | 45% of the FFH-area as natural habitat type | 100% of the FFH-area as natural habitat type | 45% of the FFH-area as natural habitat type | |
Deadwood (m3∙ha−1) | 20 | 40 | 20 | |
Habitat tress (N∙ha−1) | 3 | 10 | 3 | |
Species conversion | Selection of future stand type | Dominating deciduous species | Tree species of potential natural vegetation (pnv) | Dominating conifer species |
Thinning | Thinning intensity | Variable over time: high, moderate, low | Moderate | Variable over time: high, moderate, low |
Thinning type | Thinning from above | Thinning from above | Thinning from above | |
Start of thinning (defined by stand height) | 12–16 m | 12–16 m | 11–15 m | |
Limit of thinned volume per cut (m3∙ha−1) | Max 70 (Douglas-fir max 100) | Max 50 (Douglas-fir max 100) | Max 70 (Douglas-fir max 100) | |
Harvest | Target diameter (cm) | Oak 70, beech 60, spruce 45, pine 45, Douglas-fir 70 | All species +5 cm, in FFH-areas +10 cm except spruce –5 cm, Douglas-fir –10 cm | All species –5 cm |
Limit of harvested volume per cut (m3∙ha−1) | Max 100 (Douglas-fir max 120) | Max 70 (max 100 for all species not included in pnv) | Max 100 (Douglas-fir max 120) |