Forest Ecosystems

Table 1 Definition of forest stand states according to basal area level by species and tree size

From: Adaptive economic and ecological forest management under risk

	Pines (m ² · ha ⁻¹ )			Hardwoods (m ² · ha ⁻¹ )
	Small	Medium	Large	Small	Medium	Large
Low	≤2.5	≤4.3	≤3.6	≤2.9	≤1.2	≤1.7
High	>2.5	>4.3	>3.6	>2.9	>1.2	>1.7
State #13	0	0	1	1	0	0

The example state #13 has high basal area in large pine trees and small hardwoods, and low basal area in other categories. Source: Zhou and Buongiorno (2006).

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