Table 3 Floristic composition and phytosociology of the woody layer (individuals ≥ 10 cm girth) of ‘Khasi hill sal’ forest of Meghalaya

1.

Shorea robusta Gaertn.

Dipterocarpaceae

LT

73

197.3

40328.4

58.249

25.9

C

2.

Schima wallichii Choisy

Theaceae

LT

93

133.3

34757.6

48.205

3.5

C

3.

Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon

Pinaceae

LT

32

50.8

21452.8

23.293

8.7

C

4.

Careya arborea Roxb.

Lecythidaceae

MT

55

40.6

6505.7

14.549

2.3

C

5.

Callicarpa arborea Roxb.

Lamiaceae

MT

56

21.9

2291.1

9.519

0.9

U

6.

Semecarpus anacardium L.f.

Anacardiaceae

MT

39

26.0

2589.6

8.658

1.2

C

7.

Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels

Myrtaceae

LT

44

17.3

3367.6

8.492

0.8

U

8.

Aporosa octandra var. octandra

Phyllanthaceae

ST

37

18.1

2291.9

7.255

1.9

C

9.

Phyllanthus emblica L.

Phyllanthaceae

ST

39

18.3

840.6

6.538

0.7

U

10.

Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb.

Lythraceae

MT

35

14.6

1068.5

5.836

0.8

U

11.

Castanopsis lanceifolia (Oerst.) Hickel & A.Camus

Fagaceae

LT

22

8.7

3289.8

5.272

1.4

C

12.

Vitex peduncularis Wall. ex Schauer

Lamiaceae

LT

24

12.1

2112.9

5.157

2.0

C

13.

Engelhardtia spicata Lechen ex Blume

Juglandaceae

LT

29

13.3

1094.9

5.121

1.5

C

14.

Erythrina stricta Roxb.

Leguminosae

MT

12

6.7

4082.1

4.599

1.3

C

15.

Croton joufra Roxb.

Euphorbiaceae

MT

21

11.9

1496.3

4.459

0.8

U

16.

Sterculia villosa Roxb.

Malvaceae

MT

22

5.6

1104.1

3.475

0.3

U

17.

Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng.

Rubiaceae

ST

17

10.6

522.2

3.290

1.3

C

18.

Casearia glomerata Roxb.

Salicaceae

MT

18

9.8

426.0

3.221

3.1

C

19.

Albizia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr.

Leguminosae

LT

18

4.4

1361.2

3.117

0.3

U

20.

Syzygium nervosum A.Cunn. ex DC.

Myrtaceae

MT

17

8.8

599.9

3.114

1.1

C

21.

Ziziphus rugosa Lam.

Rhamnaceae

SS

18

8.1

377.9

2.965

2.4

C

22.

Castanopsis purpurella (Miq.) N. P. Balakr.

Fagaceae

LT

10

3.1

2483.6

2.916

0.2

U

23.

Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr.

Anacardiaceae

MT

14

5.4

1295.9

2.829

1.3

C

24.

Saurauia roxburghii Wall.

Actinidiaceae

ST

12

9.0

838.9

2.828

3.9

C

25.

Litsea monopetala (Roxb.) Pers.

Lauraceae

MT

16

6.3

779.0

2.810

0.8

U

26.

Pavetta indica L.

Rubiaceae

ST

17

7.5

204.2

2.686

1.5

C

27.

Castanopsis armata (Roxb.) Spach

Fagaceae

MT

8

3.5

1600.4

2.216

0.5

U

28.

Trema orientalis (L.) Blume

Cannabaceae

MT

4

10.6

524.1

2.084

8.8

C

29.

Macaranga denticulata (Blume) Müll.Arg.

Euphorbiaceae

MT

11

4.4

470.2

1.898

1.5

C

30.

Gmelina arborea Roxb.

Lamiaceae

MT

9

2.5

883.1

1.726

0.2

U

31.

Eurya acuminata DC.

Pentaphylacaceae

ST

11

4.0

175.4

1.660

0.7

U

32.

Holarrhena pubescens Wall.

Apocynaceae

ST

10

3.7

275.2

1.580

0.5

U

33.

Castanopsis tribuloides (Sm.) A.DC.

Fagaceae

MT

7

1.9

1027.6

1.557

0.2

U

34.

Leea asiatica (L.) Ridsdale

Vitaceae

SH

11

3.3

80.4

1.499

0.4

U

35.

Garuga pinnata Roxb.

Burseraceae

LT

7

2.5

817.5

1.498

0.6

U

36.

Ficus hispida L. f.

Moraceae

ST

9

2.1

409.5

1.373

0.2

U

37.

Dalbergia stipulacea Roxb.

Leguminosae

WC

8

3.3

256.5

1.333

0.9

U

38.

Premna mollissima Roth

Lamiaceae

MT

4

2.5

945.9

1.301

1.3

C

39.

Symplocos khasiana Brand

Symplocaceae

ST

7

3.3

261.8

1.243

0.7

U

40.

Bridelia retusa (L.) A. Juss.

Phyllanthaceae

MT

9

2.3

158.8

1.238

0.4

U

41.

Ilex umbellulata (Wall.) Loes.

Aquifoliaceae

ST

6

2.3

201.7

0.987

1.4

C

42.

Wendlandia tinctoria (Roxb.) DC.

Rubiaceae

ST

6

2.1

135.6

0.919

0.3

U

43.

Lithocarpus elegans (Blume) Hatus. ex Soepadmo

Fagaceae

LT

5

1.2

223.7

0.757

0.2

U

44.

Smilax zeylanica L.

Smilacaceae

SS

5

1.9

19.3

0.727

0.8

U

45.

Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz

Bignoniaceae

ST

5

1.2

150.5

0.711

0.2

U

46.

Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.

Moraceae

MT

1

0.2

918.2

0.705

O

47.

Mangifera indica L.

Anacardiaceae

LT

3

0.6

537.6

0.697

0.0

U

48.

Acacia pennata (L.) Willd.

Leguminosae

SS

4

1.7

116.8

0.672

0.4

U

49.

Stereospermum chelonoides (L. f.) DC.

Bignoniaceae

LT

3

0.6

497.1

0.671

0.0

U

50.

Elaeocarpus floribundus Blume

Elaeocarpaceae

LT

2

1.0

558.4

0.668

1.8

C

51.

Wendlandia puberula DC.

Rubiaceae

ST

4

1.5

122.2

0.650

0.3

U

52.

ML077T21

Meliaceae

MT

4

1.0

226.5

0.641

0.2

U

53.

Ficus curtipes Corner

Moraceae

LT

2

0.4

605.4

0.623

0.0

U

54.

Kydia calycina Roxb.

Malvaceae

MT

5

1.0

51.6

0.622

0.0

U

55.

Toona ciliata M.Roem.

Meliaceae

LT

4

1.2

131.2

0.606

0.2

U

56.

Bombax ceiba L.

Malvaceae

LT

3

0.6

390.4

0.603

0.0

U

57.

Ficus racemosa L.

Moraceae

LT

1

0.2

720.3

0.578

O

58.

Grewia eriocarpa Juss.

Malvaceae

ST

3

0.6

333.3

0.567

0.0

U

59.

Ficus hirta Vahl

Moraceae

ST

3

1.5

132.0

0.563

3.1

C

60.

Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb.

Moraceae

LT

3

0.8

256.8

0.543

0.3

U

61.

Ficus sp.2

Moraceae

MT

1

0.2

662.4

0.541

O

62.

Litsea glutinosa var. glutinos a

Lauraceae

ST

4

1.0

57.4

0.533

0.2

U

63.

Dillenia pentagyna Roxb.

Dilleniaceae

LT

3

0.8

225.4

0.523

0.3

U

64.

Albizia odoratissima (L. f.) Benth.

Leguminosae

LT

4

0.8

36.8

0.495

0.0

U

65.

ML044T18

Sapindaceae

MT

2

1.2

245.7

0.493

0.0

U

66.

Glochidion coccineum (Buch.-Ham.) Müll.Arg.

Phyllanthaceae

ST

2

1.2

234.1

0.486

0.0

U

67.

Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng.

Phyllanthaceae

ST

2

0.4

374.3

0.475

0.0

U

68.

Archidendron bigeminum (L.) I.C.Nielsen

Leguminosae

ST

3

0.8

86.7

0.434

0.3

U

69.

Syzygium tetragonum (Wight) Wall. ex Walp.

Myrtaceae

MT

3

0.6

113.7

0.426

0.0

U

70.

Olea salicifolia Wall. ex G.Don

Oleaceae

ST

3

0.8

63.2

0.419

0.3

U

71.

Bridelia tomentosa Blume

Phyllanthaceae

ST

3

0.6

40.9

0.380

0.0

U

72.

Caryota obtusa Griff.

Arecaceae

MT

1

0.4

343.9

0.363

O

73.

Itea macrophylla Wall.

Iteaceae

ST

2

0.6

143.9

0.353

0.3

U

74.

Entada rheedii Spreng.

Leguminosae

WC

2

0.4

148.6

0.331

0.0

U

75.

Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Miq.

Rutaceae

ST

2

0.6

95.9

0.322

0.3

U

76.

Ficus fistulosa Reinw. ex Blume

Moraceae

ST

2

0.8

40.3

0.312

0.0

U

77.

Neolitsea umbrosa (Nees) Gamble

Lauraceae

MT

2

0.6

74.6

0.309

0.3

U

78.

Wendlandia glabrata DC.

Rubiaceae

ST

2

0.8

30.8

0.306

0.0

U

79.

Symplocos racemosa Roxb.

Symplocaceae

ST

2

0.6

68.9

0.305

0.3

U

80.

Styrax serrulatus Roxb.

Styracaceae

ST

2

0.4

92.6

0.295

0.0

U

81.

Archidendron clypearia (Jack) I.C.Nielsen

Leguminosae

ST

2

0.4

68.2

0.279

0.0

U

82.

Helicia nilagirica Bedd.

Proteaceae

MT

2

0.4

66.1

0.278

0.0

U

83.

Ehretia acuminata R.Br.

Boraginaceae

LT

2

0.4

54.5

0.271

0.0

U

84.

Wendlandia ligustrina Wall. ex G.Don

Rubiaceae

ST

2

0.4

40.7

0.262

0.0

U

85.

Premna pinguis C.B.Clarke

Lamiaceae

SH

2

0.4

39.8

0.261

0.0

U

86.

Saurauia fasciculata Wall.

Actinidiaceae

ST

2

0.4

29.4

0.255

0.0

U

87.

Meliosma arnottiana (Wight) Walp.

Sabiaceae

ST

2

0.4

28.6

0.254

0.0

U

88.

Firmiana colorata (Roxb.) R.Br.

Malvaceae

ST

2

0.4

11.8

0.243

0.0

U

89.

Guidonia vareca (Roxb.) Baill. ex Kurz

Salicaceae

ST

2

0.4

7.5

0.241

0.0

U

90.

Machilus glaucescens (Nees) Wight

Lauraceae

MT

2

0.4

4.4

0.239

0.0

U

91.

Eriobotrya bengalensis (Roxb.) Hook. f.

Rosaceae

LT

1

0.2

155.3

0.217

O

92.

Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Müll.Arg.

Euphorbiaceae

ST

1

0.2

149.4

0.213

O

93.

Spatholobus parviflorus (DC.) Kuntze

Leguminosae

WC

1

0.8

20.1

0.206

O

94.

Magnolia champaca (L.) Baill. ex Pierre

Magnoliaceae

LT

1

0.2

115.0

0.191

O

95.

Mallotus paniculatus var. paniculatus

Euphorbiaceae

ST

1

0.6

19.6

0.181

O

96.

Morus macroura Miq.

Moraceae

ST

1

0.6

19.3

0.180

O

97.

Machilus gamblei King ex Hook. f.

Lauraceae

MT

1

0.4

56.2

0.179

O

98.

Hymenodictyon orixense (Roxb.) Mabb.

Rubiaceae

LT

1

0.4

46.2

0.172

O

99.

Actinodaphne obovata (Nees) Blume

Lauraceae

MT

1

0.6

6.6

0.172

O

100.

Spondias pinnata (L. f.) Kurz

Anacardiaceae

MT

1

0.6

5.9

0.172

O

101.

Castanopsis indica (Roxb. ex Lindl.) A. DC.

Fagaceae

LT

1

0.2

79.4

0.169

O

102.

Pterospermum lanceifolium Roxb.

Malvaceae

MT

1

0.2

72.8

0.164

O

103.

Decaspermum parviflorum subsp. parviflorum

Myrtaceae

ST

1

0.4

30.0

0.162

O

104.

Bauhinia purpurea L.

Leguminosae

ST

1

0.2

68.8

0.162

O

105.

Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br.

Apocynaceae

LT

1

0.2

68.7

0.162

O

106.

Ficus subincisa Buch.-Ham. ex Sm.

Moraceae

SH

1

0.4

22.9

0.158

O

107.

Litsea salicifolia (Roxburgh ex Nees) Hook. f.

Lauraceae

ST

1

0.4

17.0

0.154

O

108.

Pandanus furcatus Roxb.

Pandanaceae

ST

1

0.4

16.5

0.153

O

109.

Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth.

Leguminosae

LT

1

0.2

53.2

0.152

O

110.

Cinnamomum bejolghota (Buch.-Ham.) Sweet

Lauraceae

LT

1

0.2

46.6

0.148

O

111.

Brassaiopsis hainla (Buch.-Ham.) Seem.

Araliaceae

ST

1

0.4

5.6

0.147

O

112.

Maesa montana A. DC.

Primulaceae

SH

1

0.4

5.5

0.146

O

113.

Macaranga indica Wight

Euphorbiaceae

MT

1

0.4

3.7

0.145

O

114.

Actinodaphne citrata (Blume) Hayata

Lauraceae

ST

1

0.2

40.4

0.144

O

115.

Glochidion khasicum (Müll.Arg.) Hook.f.

Phyllanthaceae

ST

1

0.2

28.5

0.136

O

116.

Toxicodendron succedaneum var. succedaneum

Anacardiaceae

MT

1

0.2

16.3

0.128

O

117.

Garcinia cowa Roxb. ex Choisy

Clusiaceae

MT

1

0.2

5.9

0.122

O

118.

Glochidion heyneanum (Wight & Arn.) Wight

Phyllanthaceae

ST

1

0.2

2.8

0.120

O

119.

Wendlandia wallichii Wight & Arn.

Rubiaceae

ST

1

0.2

2.4

0.119

O

120.

Ardisia humilis Vahl

Primulaceae

SH

1

0.2

2.0

0.119

O

121.

Glochidion sphaerogynum (Mull.Arg.) Kurz

Phyllanthaceae

MT

1

0.2

1.9

0.119

O

122.

Calamus latifolius Roxb.

Arecaceae

SS

1

0.2

1.5

0.119

O

123.

Meliosma sp.

Sabiaceae

ST

1

0.2

1.5

0.119

O

Total for all species

104

767.7

156496

300.0