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Forest Ecosystems
Figure 1 | Forest Ecosystems

Figure 1

From: Competition effects in an afrotemperate forest

Figure 1

Schematic diagram showing typical layers in the afrotemperate forest of the Diepwalle observational study: Emergent (E) and canopy species (C) dominate the canopy layer, while the sub-canopy layer comprises of immature canopy species (I) and shade tolerant species (S) that never reach canopy height. The shrub layer is not shown in this diagram.

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