Figure 3From: Height increment of understorey Norway spruces under different tree canopiesVariation in the height increment of understorey spruces among stands and individuals on mesic site when 50% of canopy basal area is spruce. Good stand, u j = s(u); Bad stand, u j = −s(u); Good seedling, e ij = s(e); Bad seedling, e ij = −s(e); s(u) is standard deviation of random plot factor (u j ); s(e) is standard deviation of residual (e ij ).Back to article page