Fig. 3From: Evaluating the impact of sampling schemes on leaf area index measurements from digital hemispherical photography in Larix principis-rupprechtii forest plotsCanopy element clumping indices (Ωe) obtained using the four Ωe algorithms (i.e. CCW, CCS, LX_5 and CLX_15) with the 13 predefined sampling schemes (SS1–SS13) at four zenith angles in plot 5 (a: 10°, b: 30°, c: 57° and d: 90°). Only plot 5 data are shown here as the other four plots showed similar behavioursBack to article page